Ask AI: What is the Integrated Information Theory of consciousness?

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness is a theoretical framework proposed by neuroscientist Giulio Tononi. This theory presents consciousness as a fundamental property of the universe, similar to gravity or electromagnetic force. IIT proposes that consciousness arises from interconnected networks, such as the neural networks in the brain. It states that any system demonstrating a level of integration as a single entity (the collection and processing of a certain level of information) has a degree of consciousness. Essentially, it embodies an understanding that a conscious system must be able to store, retrieve, process, and integrate information. The significant part of IIT is the quantification of consciousness, known as Phi (Φ), which measures the degree of integration or interconnectedness within a network. The higher the Φ, the more conscious the entity is postulated to be. It's important to note that some aspects of the theory are controversial and it is still a subject of ongoing research and scientific debate.