Ask AI: What are the theoritical and experimental endpoints in the Conductometric titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide

In the conductometric titration of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide, both theoretical and experimental endpoints can be identified. 1. Theoretical Endpoint: The theoretical endpoint of a titration is the point at which all of the acid has reacted with all of the base, resulting in a neutral solution. In this case, the theoretical endpoint is reached when the molar amounts of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are equal. The equation for this reaction is: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l) So, theoretically, the endpoint of this titration occurs when the conductance of the solution drops due to a decrease in ions concentration, and then increases again once an excess of NaOH starts to appear in the solution as per the chemical reaction. 2. Experimental Endpoint: The experimental endpoint is when a measurable physical change is observed in the solution. In a conductometric titration, this would be the point of conductance minimum. During the titration, as HCl is added into the solution, the conductance decreases because of the formation of water, which is a poor conductor. Once all the NaOH has been reacted and the NaCl, which has higher conductance, starts to dominate, conductance begins to increase. The point of the minimal conductance of the solution marks the experimental endpoint. Remember that experimental results can slightly deviate from the theoretical prediction due to various factors including technical inaccuracies, impurities, temperature variation etc. If a conductometric plot is constructed (with volume of HCl added on the x-axis and conductance on the y-axis), this endpoint would be identified as the inflection point of the curve. Monitoring these changes can help you get accurate measurements and results.