Ask AI: What are according to Wendy Brown (2015) the four effects of the new normative order of reason on public higher education?

According to Wendy Brown (2015), the four effects of the new normative order of reason on public higher education are: 1) Instrumentalization: Public higher education is seen as means to achieve economic growth and competitiveness, which puts pressure on universities to justify funding and research in economic terms. 2) Marketization: Public higher education is seen as a commodity and students are seen as consumers, causing colleges and universities to treat education as a marketable product and compete for students by providing the best possible services and amenities. 3) Managerialism: Public higher education is run like a business with a focus on efficiency, productivity, and accountability, causing universities to prioritize administration over academic pursuits. 4) De-politicization: Public higher education is de-politicized as issues such as social justice, equity, and democracy are marginalized in favor of economic and managerial concerns.