Vitamin D supplementation decreases the odds of catching the flu

To determine the effectiveness of the Vitamin D supplement in reducing the incidence of flu among the subjects, you will need to analyze and compare the data collected from both groups: the group who received the Vitamin D supplement and the group who did not receive it. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to analyze the data: 1. Record the number of subjects in each group who caught the flu during the winter season. Use the following notation for clarity: - NV: Number of subjects in the Vitamin D group - NF: Number of subjects in the group without Vitamin D who caught the flu - NT: Total number of subjects, which is 100 2. Calculate the proportion of subjects in each group who caught the flu by dividing the number of flu cases in each group by the total number of subjects in that group: - PV: Proportion of the Vitamin D group who caught the flu (NF/NV) - PNF: Proportion of the non-Vitamin D group who caught the flu (NF/NT) 3. Compare the two proportions to determine if there is a significant difference between the two groups: - If PV is considerably lower than PNF, it suggests that the Vitamin D supplement had a positive effect on the subjects, and it may have contributed to preventing or reducing the flu incidence among them. - If PV is similar to or higher than PNF, it could indicate that the Vitamin D supplement had little to no effect on preventing flu in the sampled population. 4. To further validate the results, you could conduct a statistical test such as a Chi-square test to determine if the difference observed between the groups is statistically significant. This will help rule out the possibility that the results observed are due to chance alone rather than the effect of the Vitamin D supplement. Remember, correlation does not equal causation. Even if there is a significant difference observed between the groups, you cannot definitively conclude that it is solely due to the Vitamin D supplement. Other factors like lifestyle, diet, or exposure could also have played a part. Further research, such as longitudinal or controlled studies, would be necessary to explore the relationship between Vitamin D supplementation and flu prevention.