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Question: Alicia is a 6-year-old girl in Grade 1 in a public Primary School near Pinetown. Her parents are originally from Mozambique, her mother fled from Mozambique due to the physical abuse from Alicia’s father and came to South Africa last year in search of a better life for her children. Alicia lives in an informal settlement with her mother and 2 younger brothers. Her mother hand weaves mats and sells them by the roadside, Alicia helps her after school and during weekends. She has not found work yet and use the little money she gets from selling mats to support her children. Alicia speaks Swahili and Portuguese at home and does not understand any of the South African languages. The school that Alicia attends uses IsiZulu as a language of instruction and she does not understand the teacher due to the language barrier. Alicia’s birth card indicate that she was born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) a condition that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy. Her teacher tries her best to accommodate her by relying on demonstrations when instructing her to do tasks, it is however, still difficult for Alicia to comprehend and her teacher suspects that Alicia’s academic challenges are not only a result of the language barrier. She seems to lack concentration in class and appears to be in a world of her own. She also struggles to interact and engage with other learners in her class. Her teacher has noted that she is usually tired in the mornings and lacks energy, her energy levels seem to improve after break when she has eaten a meal provided by the school. Her teacher called her mother for a meeting to address Alicia’s academic challenges, her mother came to school intoxicated and communication between her and Alicia’s teacher was difficult. She did demonstrate that the teacher must hit Alicia if she gives her any trouble. Despite Alicia’s academic challenges her teacher has noted that she is very artistic and enjoys drawing, singing, and dancing. Using the biopsychosocial model formulate a table and identity the biological psychological and the social/ environmental factors that apply to Alicia's case. Start by identifying the positive factors(what can Alicia rely on?)
Biological Factors | Psychological Factors | Social/Environmental Factors --- | --- | --- **Positive:** | **Positive:** | **Positive:** 1. Artistic talent: Despite her condition, Alicia demonstrates a great deal of creativity in drawing, singing, and dancing, which can be nurtured. | 1. Alicia displays a willingness to contribute to her family through helping her mother sell mats. This shows determination. | 1. The school provides meals: This is crucial in ensuring Alicia is nourished and it seems to increase her energy levels. 2. Despite her struggles with FAS, Alicia does not have any other specified physical health problems. | 2. Alicia can understand and speak Swahili and Portuguese language, which can be an advantage in certain contexts. | 2. Alicia's teacher: She shows compassion, patience, and a willingness to accommodate Alicia's needs in class by relying on demonstrations to instruct her. 3. She is able to attend school and engage in some level of learning activity. | 3. Alicia's ability to help her mother sell mats indicate she has a sense of responsibility and practical abilities that can be beneficial later in life. | 3. Despite the poverty and hardship in her environment, Alicia's mother has so far been able to support Alicia and her siblings through her hand-woven mat business. |||4. Alicia lives in a community where there's room for one's unique talents. Her artistic skills are recognized and appreciated by her teacher. |||5. She lives in a country with public facilities and resources which can be utilised to improve her general wellbeing. Biological Factors | Psychological Factors | Social/Environmental Factors --- | --- | --- **Negative:** | **Negative:** | **Negative:** 1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Impacts Alicia's cognitive functions and physical growth. | 1. Trouble concentrating: Alicia struggles to pay attention in class, which hinders her learning abilities. | 1. Language barrier: Alicia does not understand the language of instruction (IsiZulu) in her school, which hampers her learning. 2. Energy levels: Alicia often appears tired and lacking energy, especially in the mornings. | 2. Lack of social interaction: Alicia struggles to interact and engage with her peers. | 2. Low socio-economic status: Living in an informal settlement with limited resources can affect Alicia's educational outcomes and overall wellbeing. 3. Suspected additional learning disabilities or developmental delay. | 3. Alice seems to escape into her own world, which could indicate difficulty in processing her reality. | 3. Unstable home environment: Her mother's substance abuse problem and past history of domestic violence can impact Alicia's mental and emotional wellbeing. |||4. Possible lack of proper nutrition: Alicia's levels of fatigue might be a sign of malnutrition. |||5. Mother's attitude toward discipline: Her mother's willingness for physical punishment could lead to further psychological harm.
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