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Question: Alicia is a 6-year-old girl in Grade 1 in a public Primary School near Pinetown. Her parents are originally from Mozambique, her mother fled from Mozambique due to the physical abuse from Alicia’s father and came to South Africa last year in search of a better life for her children. Alicia lives in an informal settlement with her mother and 2 younger brothers. Her mother hand weaves mats and sells them by the roadside, Alicia helps her after school and during weekends. She has not found work yet and use the little money she gets from selling mats to support her children. Alicia speaks Swahili and Portuguese at home and does not understand any of the South African languages. The school that Alicia attends uses IsiZulu as a language of instruction and she does not understand the teacher due to the language barrier. Alicia’s birth card indicate that she was born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) a condition that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy. Her teacher tries her best to accommodate her by relying on demonstrations when instructing her to do tasks, it is however, still difficult for Alicia to comprehend and her teacher suspects that Alicia’s academic challenges are not only a result of the language barrier. She seems to lack concentration in class and appears to be in a world of her own. She also struggles to interact and engage with other learners in her class. Her teacher has noted that she is usually tired in the mornings and lacks energy, her energy levels seem to improve after break when she has eaten a meal provided by the school. Her teacher called her mother for a meeting to address Alicia’s academic challenges, her mother came to school intoxicated and communication between her and Alicia’s teacher was difficult. She did demonstrate that the teacher must hit Alicia if she gives her any trouble. Despite Alicia’s academic challenges her teacher has noted that she is very artistic and enjoys drawing, singing, and dancing. Using the biopsychosocial model formulate a table and identity the biological psychological and the social/ environmental factors that apply to Alicia's case. Start by identifying the instigating factors (why now)
Based on the provided information, here is a table that outlines the main biological, psychological, and social/environmental factors related to Alicia's case using the biopsychosocial model: | Biological Factors | Psychological Factors | Social/Environmental Factors | |------------------------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------| | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Difficulty with concentration | Living in an informal settlement | | Lack of energy | Difficulty with comprehension| Language barrier (speaks Swahili, Portuguese only)| | Appears well-nourished after meals| Lacks interaction with peers | Mother's alcohol abuse | | | Engaged in artistic activities | Poverty and income insecurity (low income) | | | Rather solitary (possible introversion) | Domestic violence (past history of mother) | Instigating Factors (Why Now): 1. Language Barrier at School: Alicia's lack of understanding of the local language makes it difficult for her to communicate and understand the instruction at school which might have made her academic issues more prominent now. 2. Adult Dependency: Alicia's mother's alcohol abuse might be getting worse, jeopardizing Alicia's home environment and stability. 3. Academic Challenges: Alicia has recently started school, and her learning difficulties (due to FAS and possible language barriers) are starting to become evident. Also, these might have become prominent now due to observed lack of interaction and engagement with her peers. 4. Financial Strain: The family's continuing financial struggle, with only source of income being from selling mats, might be adding to the issues faced by Alicia. This could add stress to her developing mind, negatively impacting her school performance.
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