Protecting Africa's Coastal Cities: Harnessing Ecosystem-Based Approaches and Climate-Resilient Infrastructure

There are various strategies that African coastal cities can adopt to address the serious threat of rising ocean levels. Ecological methods as well as climate-resistant infrastructure can play significant roles in addressing this issue. 1. Ecosystem-Based Approaches: These approaches are nature-based solutions that leverage the natural capabilities of an ecosystem to mitigate the effects of climate change. For instance: - Mangrove Restoration: Mangroves forests can act as natural barriers against sea-level rise by reducing the power of waves and preventing erosion. - Coral Reef Restoration: Coral reefs play a similar protective role by reducing wave action and preventing coastal erosion. - Coastal Wetland Conservation: Wetlands can act as natural sponges, soaking up flood waters and buffering against storm surge. Overall, these ecosystem-based approaches aim to restore or enhance native ecosystems to safeguard against rising sea levels. 2. Climate-Resilient Infrastructure: This involves constructing infrastructure that can withstand the impacts of climate change, including rising ocean levels. - Seawalls and Barriers: Working in much the same way as naturally occurring coastal ecosystems, seawalls are artificial barriers that minimise the impact of waves and protect against erosion. - Elevated Infrastructure: This includes raising existing buildings and constructing new ones on stilts or elevated platforms to keep them safe from rising sea levels. - Permeable Surfaces: Using permeable surfaces in urban areas can enhance soil water absorption, reducing surface runoff and potential flooding. 3. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM): Coastal management approaches encompass both ecological and infrastructure-based strategies. The idea is to manage the coastline with consideration to the whole ecosystem, balancing the economic, social, and environmental needs of the area. 4. Urban planning and regulations: Cities can formulate policies such that construction is limited to areas that are at minimal risk of flooding, and ensuring new developments are built to be resilient to sea level rise. 5. Community Engagement: Building strong communities and preparing them for potential risks is essential. Education is vital in ensuring everyone understands the risks and is prepared for potential disaster scenarios. 6. International and regional cooperation: Sea level rise is a global problem that requires international cooperation. African countries should engage in global and regional climate change dialogues to find shared solutions to these challenges. In conclusion, a well-rounded strategy comprising of ecosystem-based approaches, climate resilient infrastructures, proactive governance, and international cooperation offers the best path in ensuring the continued survival and prosperity of Africa’s coastal cities in the face of rising sea levels due to climate change.