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Question: Alicia is a 6-year-old girl in Grade 1 in a public Primary School near Pinetown. Her parents are originally from Mozambique, her mother fled from Mozambique due to the physical abuse from Alicia’s father and came to South Africa last year in search of a better life for her children. Alicia lives in an informal settlement with her mother and 2 younger brothers. Her mother hand weaves mats and sells them by the roadside, Alicia helps her after school and during weekends. She has not found work yet and use the little money she gets from selling mats to support her children. Alicia speaks Swahili and Portuguese at home and does not understand any of the South African languages. The school that Alicia attends uses IsiZulu as a language of instruction and she does not understand the teacher due to the language barrier. Alicia’s birth card indicate that she was born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) a condition that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy. Her teacher tries her best to accommodate her by relying on demonstrations when instructing her to do tasks, it is however, still difficult for Alicia to comprehend and her teacher suspects that Alicia’s academic challenges are not only a result of the language barrier. She seems to lack concentration in class and appears to be in a world of her own. She also struggles to interact and engage with other learners in her class. Her teacher has noted that she is usually tired in the mornings and lacks energy, her energy levels seem to improve after break when she has eaten a meal provided by the school. Her teacher called her mother for a meeting to address Alicia’s academic challenges, her mother came to school intoxicated and communication between her and Alicia’s teacher was difficult. She did demonstrate that the teacher must hit Alicia if she gives her any trouble. Despite Alicia’s academic challenges her teacher has noted that she is very artistic and enjoys drawing, singing, and dancing. How is this theory applicable to Alicia's case. Moslow hierarchy of needs theory
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory suggests that human beings have five categories of needs that they seek to meet. These needs are, starting from most basic, physiological needs, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. 1. Physiological needs: These are biological requirements for survival, such as food, drink, shelter, warm, rest, etc. In Alicia's case, she struggles with these basic needs, she lives in an informal settlement, is often tired and only seems to regain energy after she has eaten a meal provided by the school. Her mother's limited income struggles to meet the basic needs. 2. Safety needs: This includes security, order, law, stability, etc. Alicia grew up in an environment where her mother was a victim of abuse, escaped to a new country, and now live in poverty. Also, Alicia has FAS, which indicates prenatal alcohol exposure. Both these factors suggest that her safety needs have been compromised. 3. Love/belonging needs: This includes friendships, family, sense of connection, etc. Alicia struggles to interact and engage with other learners at school and has a less than ideal family situation with an abusive father and intoxicated mother. 4. Esteem needs: This refers to feelings of accomplishment, prestige, etc. In Alicia's case, the language barrier and learning challenges due to FAS make it hard for her to feel accomplished academically. However, her artistic abilities provide a window of opportunity for her to build some self-esteem. 5. Self-actualization needs: This is about achieving one’s potential including creative activities. Even though Alicia is grappling with her basic needs, she has shown a keen interest in drawing, singing, and dancing, that could be indications of her striving for self-actualization. According to Maslow, it's hard to focus on higher needs without first satisfying the lower ones. Applying this theory to Alicia's case, interventions can be designed to help satisfy her basic needs first, while continuing to encourage and nurture her talents in creative arts to build her self-esteem and eventually, help her toward self-actualization.
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