Ask AI: Justify briefly the cognitive biases that affect rational thinking in ethical situation.

Cognitive biases can greatly impact rational thinking in ethical situations. Here are a few ways how: 1. Confirmation Bias - This is a tendency to access, interpret, and favor information that confirms one's pre-existing beliefs or values, influencing rational, fair judgment during ethical decision-making. 2. Anchoring Bias - Often in ethical dilemmas, the first piece of information or perspective we encounter tends to grasp our attention ('anchors' us). This might result in overlooking additional, potentially important, details. 3. Overconfidence Bias - The belief that one's intuition or instinct can't be wrong in ethical predicaments may lead to quick, irrational decisions made out of overconfidence rather than taking time to gather evidence. 4. Hindsight Bias - In looking back at a past ethical issue, one might believe the outcome was predictable, leading to inadequate preparedness for future ethical decisions. 5. Bias Blind Spot - This involves the inability to recognize one's cognitive biases. People often see biases in others but fail to identify it in themselves, leading to poor ethical decisions. Managing these cognitive biases can help foster rational thinking in ethical situations. Self-awareness, critical thinking, and seeking diverse viewpoints can be steps towards unbiased, ethical decision-making.