Higher-order conditioning occurs when a conditioned response (Y) becomes an unconditioned response (X). This occurs when the original conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes associated with the unconditio

False. Higher-order conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. For example, if a dog has been conditioned to salivate in response to a bell (CS), a second bell (CS2) can be paired with the bell (CS1) to elicit the same response. However, the conditioned response (salivating) does not act as an unconditioned response.