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Question: José is investigating the relationship between energy and the motion of an object. José releases a ball onto a U-shaped ramp and observes the motion of the ball as it rolls back and forth between sides 1 and 2 A. The ball loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy when rolling upward. B. The ball loses kinetic energy and loses potential energy when rolling downward. C. The ball gains potential energy and absorbs thermal energy when rolling downward. D. The ball loses potential energy and absorbs thermal energy when rolling upward.
The correct understanding of the ball's motion on the ramp would be: A. The ball loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy when rolling upward. This is because as the ball moves up, it slows down, hence losing kinetic energy. However, it gains potential energy due to the increased height from the ground. B. The ball loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy when rolling downward. As the ball rolls down, it speeds up hence gaining kinetic energy but loses potential energy as it is getting closer to the ground. (Your original statement B does not accurately reflect the scenario.) Statements C and D aren't accurate descriptions of the situation, considering in an ideal scenario without considering friction or air resistance, the energy transformation happening here is between potential and kinetic energy. Any energy absorbed or lost as thermal energy would be minimal and is typically ignored in these basic physics examples.
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