Evidence: A Tool in Crime Solving

Page 1: Title: The Role of Forensic Science in Interpreting Crime Scene Evidence: A Literature Review and Justification Introduction Forensic science plays an essential role in the criminal justice system by providing unbiased and scientific evidence that can help to solve crime and achieve justice. The use of forensic science in crime scene investigations has gained significant popularity in recent years (Garrett, 2015). This literature review aims to explore and justify the importance of forensic science in interpreting crime scene evidence by examining the existing research studies in this field. Forensic Science Overview Forensic science is the application of scientific principles and techniques to analyze the physical evidence found at crime scenes in order to assist law enforcement agencies and courts in solving crimes and convicting criminals (Tilstone et al., 2013). It encompasses various scientific disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science, which are integrated to analyze the evidence collected from crime scenes (Houck & Siegel, 2015). The Importance of Forensic Science in Crime Scene Investigations Forensic science is critical in analyzing and interpreting the evidence found at crime scenes, which can assist investigators in understanding the context and sequence of events, as well as identifying the possible perpetrators (Jackson et al., 2015). By utilizing forensic techniques, investigators can accurately reconstruct the crime scene, determine the cause of death, and narrow down potential suspects (Taupin, 2013). Furthermore, forensic science aids in the identification and individualization of biological and chemical evidence that may have been left by the criminal at the crime scene (Inman & Rudin, 2001). DNA analysis, one of the many applications of forensic science, has emerged as a powerful tool for evidence interpretation in criminal investigations (Butler, 2015). DNA analysis can help identify suspects or victims and has the potential to solve cold cases that might have remained unsolved for decades (Mullen, 2018). Page 2: The Use of Forensic Science in Court Not only does forensic science play an important role in crime scene investigations, but it also holds significant weight in court proceedings. Forensic evidence provides scientific and objective information that can either support or challenge witness testimonies and alibis (Petty, 2015). However, it must be noted that the admissibility and reliability of forensic evidence in court depend on the quality of analysis, interpretation, and presentation by the forensic experts involved (Cole, 2016). Challenges in Forensic Science Despite the apparent importance and usefulness of forensic science in interpreting crime scene evidence, it is not without challenges. Human error, bias, and the inability to adequately communicate complex scientific findings to a lay audience, such as the jury, may lead to wrongful convictions (Mnookin et al., 2011). Additionally, the ever-changing advancements in technology also call for the constant updating of forensic methods and techniques (Kaye et al., 2014). Justification Given the significance of forensic science in the modern criminal justice system, being well-versed in current research and the use of scientific techniques to interpret evidence is crucial for professionals in the field. This literature review highlights the importance of forensic science in interpreting crime scene evidence by showcasing its direct impact on criminal investigations and its role in aiding the legal process. The understanding of challenges faced by the forensic science community can help improve the reliability, accuracy, and acceptance of forensic evidence in criminal cases. Conclusion In conclusion, the literature indicates that forensic science is a vital tool for interpreting evidence found at crime scenes, determining the sequence of events, identifying victims and perpetrators, and providing unbiased evidence in court proceedings. As technology advances and methods continue to evolve, it is essential to stay up-to-date with research findings and advancements in forensic science to enhance its effectiveness in solving crimes and achieving justice. Additionally, addressing the challenges faced by the forensic community ensures a more reliable criminal justice system that reduces the risk of wrongful convictions.