Ask AI: Distinguish between Endothermic and exothermic process and examples

Endothermic and exothermic processes refer to the absorption or release of energy (usually in the form of heat) during chemical reactions and physical transformations. Endothermic process: 1. Energy absorption: In an endothermic process, energy is absorbed from the surroundings, causing the system to increase its internal energy. This usually results in a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings. 2. Positive energy change: The energy change (∆H or ∆E) in the endothermic reaction is positive because the system gains energy. 3. Feels cold to the touch: Since energy is absorbed from the surroundings, an endothermic process often feels cold to the touch. 4. Examples: a. Melting of ice: The ice absorbs heat from the surroundings to change from solid to liquid state. b. Evaporation of water: In this process, water molecules gain energy from the surroundings to vaporize. c. Photosynthesis: Plants absorb sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, which is stored as glucose. Exothermic process: 1. Energy release: In an exothermic process, energy is released to the surroundings, causing the system to decrease its internal energy. This usually results in an increase in temperature of the surroundings. 2. Negative energy change: The energy change (∆H or ∆E) in the exothermic reaction is negative because the system loses energy. 3. Feels warm to the touch: Since energy is released to the surroundings, an exothermic process often feels warm to the touch. 4. Examples: a. Combustion: Burning of fuel, such as wood or gasoline, releases heat energy to the surroundings. b. Freezing of water: When water changes from liquid to solid state, the lost energy is released as heat. c. Respiration: The process of breaking down glucose molecules in living organisms releases energy in the form of heat and ATP. In summary, endothermic processes absorb energy from the surroundings and have a positive energy change, while exothermic processes release energy to the surroundings and have a negative energy change.