Ask AI: DISCUSS IR SPECTROSCOPY OF Biphenyl

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy is a powerful method used in analytical chemistry for the identification of organic and inorganic species in a sample. When it comes to the IR spectroscopy of Biphenyl, here are some elements to consider: 1. **Biphenyl:** Biphenyl, also known as diphenyl, is a compound composed of two connected phenyl rings. It is an aromatic substrate that crystallizes colorless or slightly yellow depending upon the impurities. This compound has various applications in industries including pharmaceuticals, plastics, and fungicides. 2. **IR Spectrum Features:** Factors such as symmetry and bond type largely determine the characteristic bands in the infrared spectrum of Biphenyl. 3. **Absorption Peaks:** The aromatic C-H stretching vibrations occur around 3050-3150 cm⁻¹. The C-C stretching vibrations are observed between 1600-1475 cm⁻¹. The C-H bending or in-plane bending vibrations are found at 1200-900 cm⁻¹. The C-H out of plane bending vibrations are found between 900-690 cm⁻¹. 4. **Comparison of Spectra:** The observed peaks in the IR spectrum of Biphenyl can be compared with the standardized values in available literature to confirm its presence. 5. **Analysis of Functional Groups:** There are no traditional functional group (like hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amino groups) in biphenyl, but the aromatic rings show typical IR absorption bands, especially due to C-H bonds. 6. **Applications:** IR spectroscopy of Biphenyl can be used to confirm the formation of biphenyl in a synthesis process, to detect its presence in pharmaceutical products where it is used as a 'lubricant’ to aid in the free flow of tablets and capsules, or to monitor its environmental pollution level. Remember, IR spectroscopy is an empirical method. As such, to identify any unknown sample using this method successfully, comparative analysis with known species is mandatory.