Development Projects, Heritage Management and Validity

The statement that "Effective heritage management is mostly affected by development projects" can be considered valid when one takes Zimbabwe's situation into account, although it's equally important to note that other factors like governance, policy making, and awareness among the public also significantly contribute to heritage management. Development projects can impact heritage sites both positively and negatively in Zimbabwe. On the negative side, these projects can sometimes lead to the destruction or alteration of heritage sites. For instance, Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, has witnessed extensive urban development over the years. Rapid infrastructural growth, construction of new buildings or road networks, expansion of residential areas etc., can encroach upon and threaten the integrity of heritage sites, including those not yet documented or protected. On the positive side, development projects can also foster better heritage management. For instance, the UNESCO world heritage site of Great Zimbabwe, an ancient city in the country's southeastern hills, has benefited from development projects aimed at preserving and promoting the site. Such projects have included infrastructural improvements for ease of access, visitor facilities like detailed information boards or guides, and measures to safeguard the structures themselves – like stabilization works. The main issue comes in when there is a lack of recognition of the importance of heritage conservation in development projects which can lead to heritage sites being overlooked or sacrificed for development. This could be due to a lack of awareness, inadequate funding, or policy gaps. Furthermore, large-scale development projects like mining can pose a serious threat to heritage sites. For instance, the culturally rich area of Domboshava, known for its rock art, is under threat from a granite mining project. Therefore, it becomes necessary to incorporate heritage management into planning strategies and ensure sustainable development that respects and protects cultural heritage. Additionally, raising public awareness about the importance of cultural heritage can also help garner support for heritage conservation. In conclusion, development projects do influence heritage management in Zimbabwe, both positively and negatively. It is important to strike a balance between development and preservation and ensure that heritage conservation is integrated into national development plans.