Ask AI: Compare and Contrast: Cyclones, Typhoons, Tsunamis, and Hurricanes, I need full descriptions and examples of them happening throughout the world.

Cyclones, typhoons, tsunamis, and hurricanes are all natural disasters that can cause widespread damage and loss of life, but they differ in their formation, characteristics, and locations. 1. Cyclones: Cyclones are low-pressure systems that form over warm ocean waters and are characterized by strong winds, heavy rain, and often thunderstorms. They can be categorized as tropical, ex-tropical, or polar cyclones. Tropical cyclones are further classified into hurricanes, typhoons, or simply cyclones, depending on their location. Examples: Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008, Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh in 2007, and Cyclone Yasi in Australia in 2011. 2. Typhoons: Typhoons are essentially the same as hurricanes, but they form in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, specifically around the western coast of Asia. Like hurricanes, typhoons are tropical cyclones with strong winds and heavy rainfall. They form over warm ocean waters and are fueled by the heat released as moist air rises and condenses into clouds. Examples: Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013, Typhoon Mangkhut in the Philippines and Hong Kong in 2018, and Typhoon Mireille in Japan in 1991. 3. Tsunamis: Tsunamis are giant waves caused by undersea earthquakes or volcanic eruptions which displace large volumes of water. They are different from cyclones, typhoons, and hurricanes, as they are not related to the weather. As tsunamis approach shallow waters near the coast, their speed decreases, but their height can increase dramatically, causing massive destruction when they hit shorelines. Examples: Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004, which affected several countries, including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand; the Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan in 2011; and the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake and Tsunami in Portugal. 4. Hurricanes: Hurricanes, also known as tropical cyclones, are powerful storms that form over warm ocean waters in the Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Eastern Pacific. They have a well-defined eye surrounded by rotating bands of thunderstorms that release heat and cause the storm to grow. Hurricanes can cause devastating damage from strong winds, storm surges, heavy rainfall, and even tornadoes. Examples: Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005, Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in 2017, and Hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas in 2019. In summary, cyclones, typhoons, and hurricanes are powerful storm systems that originate over warm ocean waters and bring strong winds, heavy rainfall, and sometimes thunderstorms. The differences among them lie in their geographic locations, with typhoons specific to the western Pacific and hurricanes associated with the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific. Tsunamis, on the other hand, are not weather-related but result from underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions and can create massive, destructive waves.