52) Tenement Housing: Poor Conditions in Urban Dwellings 53) Sand Creek Massacre: Deadly Attack on Native American Village 54) Battle of Wounded Knee: Violent Confrontation with Sioux 55) Dust Bo

52) **Tenement Housing**: Overcrowded and often unsanitary multi-family urban dwellings common in U.S. cities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, housing primarily immigrants and low-income workers. 53) **Sand Creek Massacre**: A brutal attack on November 29, 1864, where a Colorado militia led by Colonel John Chivington slaughtered around 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho people, mostly women and children. 54) **Battle of Wounded Knee**: A massacre on December 29, 1890, in South Dakota where U.S. soldiers killed approximately 150-300 Lakota Sioux. This event is often considered the end of the Indian Wars. 55) **Where Dust Bowl Migrants were going**: Many migrants from the Dust Bowl region, often called "Okies" regardless of whether they were from Oklahoma, moved to California in search of agricultural work and better living conditions. 56) **Explain the Open Range System**: A method of cattle ranching in the U.S. West during the 19th century wherein cattle roamed freely over vast areas of privately and publicly owned grasslands. 57) **What was the Homestead Act?**: Legislation passed in 1862 that granted 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee, provided they improved and farmed the land for at least five years. 58) **Impact of the Transcontinental Railroad**: Facilitated westward expansion, boosted trade, significantly reduced travel time across the U.S., and contributed to the displacement of Native American tribes. 59) **Goals of Expansionists**: They aimed to extend U.S. territory and influence by acquiring new lands, promoting settlement, and spreading American political, economic, and cultural practices. 60) **What was Manifest Destiny?**: The 19th-century belief that the expansion of the U.S. across the North American continent was justified and inevitable, often seen as a divine right and duty.