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Question: 17. Which statement is an example of how carbon moves through a food chain as part of the carbon cycle? A.Producers release carbon dioxide, and consumers take it in. B.Producers release carbon into the soil, and consumers take it in from the soil. C.Producers take in carbon from the soil, and they release it when they decompose. D.Producers take in carbon dioxide, and consumers release it. 19. Kelp forests are critical ecosystems that provide habitats to a variety of animals, including sea urchins, sea stars, sea anemones, crabs, jellyfish, snails, and fish. They also provide hunting grounds for mammals, including sea otters, sea lions, seals, and many different birds. In recent years scientists have documented an increase in shark attacks on sea otters in and around kelp forests. Which consequence is most likely to occur in kelp forests as a result of increased predation of sea otters? A.Kelp forests will become more stable as sharks replace otters as the top predator in the food chain. B.Kelp forests will become less stable due to the increase in the size of the otters' prey populations. C.Kelp forests will become more stable due to the decrease in otter predation pressure. D.Kelp forests will become less stable as sharks will also eliminate the prey of the otters. 20. The oak mistletoe is a green, leafy plant that grows on trees and has white berries. Mistletoe seeds are spread to other trees through the waste of birds that feed on the berries. The mistletoe seedlings grow into the tree to obtain water and nutrients. Which answer choice correctly identifies a relationship between two of these organisms? A.The relationship between the tree and the mistletoe is parasitism. B.The relationship between the tree and the mistletoe is commensalism. C.The relationship between the birds and the trees is predator-prey. D.The relationship between the birds and the trees is mutualism.
Sure, here are the correct answers for each question: 17. Which statement is an example of how carbon moves through a food chain as part of the carbon cycle? D. Producers take in carbon dioxide, and consumers release it. This statement correctly reflects the process where producers (like plants) absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and convert it into organic forms of carbon. Consumers (like animals) then eat the producers and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere through respiration. 19. Which consequence is most likely to occur in kelp forests as a result of increased predation of sea otters? B. Kelp forests will become less stable due to the increase in the size of the otters' prey populations. Sea otters are known to prey on sea urchins, among other organisms. Without enough sea otters, the sea urchin population can increase significantly, leading to overgrazing on kelp, thereby making the forest ecosystem less stable. 20. Which answer choice correctly identifies a relationship between two of these organisms? A. The relationship between the tree and the mistletoe is parasitism. In this scenario, the mistletoe is a parasite because it grows into the tree to obtain water and nutrients, often to the detriment of the tree. This is an example of parasitism, where one organism benefits at the expense of the other.
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