1. Nationalism: Emphasizing the Interests and Culture of a Nation 2. Gettysburg: Turning Point in the Civil War 3. Sedition Act of 1918: Suppressing Free Speech 4. Zimmermann Note: Germany's P

Nationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often leading to the pursuit of independence or self-governance. $ The Battle of Gettysburg was a significant Civil War battle fought in 1863, resulting in a Union victory and turning point favoring the North. $ The Sedition Act was a 1918 law that made it illegal to speak or act against the U.S. government during World War I. $ The Zimmerman Note was a secret message sent by Germany to Mexico in 1917 proposing an alliance against the U.S., which helped prompt U.S. entry into WWI. $ Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders refers to the voluntary cavalry unit led by Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War, noted for their charge at San Juan Hill. $ Trench Warfare is a form of combat where armies dig extensive networks of trenches to hold their positions and protect soldiers from enemy fire. $ The Lusitania was a British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, causing the death of 1,198 people and contributing to U.S. entry into WWI. $ Cartels, monopolies, and trusts aim to control market supply and prices, reduce competition, and increase profits for businesses involved. $ Social Darwinism is the application of Charles Darwin's theories of natural selection to human societies, often used to justify social inequality and imperialism. $ Post-WWI, farmers faced issues like falling crop prices, rising debts, and loss of overseas markets. $ The assembly line greatly increased car production efficiency and lowered costs, making cars more affordable. $ The auto industry spurred growth in related industries like steel, rubber, glass, and road construction. $ The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in 1911 led to the death of 146 workers, raising awareness and leading to improved factory safety standards and labor laws. $ Presidents Harding & Coolidge favored policies that supported business growth, deregulation, and limited government intervention. $ The business cycle's expansion phase is marked by economic growth, while the contraction phase features recession and decline. $ Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, marked the stock market crash that led to the Great Depression. $ The Social Security Act of 1935 established a system of old-age benefits, unemployment insurance, and aid for families with dependent children and the disabled. $ The Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) was created in 1934 to regulate the stock market and prevent fraudulent practices. $ Education was crucial for urban workers for upward mobility and adapting to new job requirements in an industrialized economy. $ Industrial workers often accepted poor conditions due to lack of alternatives, fear of unemployment, and absence of strong labor laws. $ The Trickle Down Theory posits that tax cuts and benefits for the wealthy will eventually "trickle down" to benefit the broader economy. $ Buying on margin involves purchasing stocks with borrowed money, hoping to make a profit sufficient to repay the loan and more. $ The Bessemer Process is a steel-making method that blasts air through molten iron to quickly remove impurities, revolutionizing steel production.