1. Importance of Reading in Child Development 2. Reading and Writing in Literacy 3. Shared vs Independent Reading 4. Reading Aloud Strategies for Teachers 5. Recording Children's Experiences 6. D

Sure, it looks like you have an important assignment ahead of you. I will provide guidance to help you approach each question effectively. ### Question 1 [40 Marks] 1.1 **Cognitive and Social Development through Reading and Writing** 1.1a. **Justify why reading is regarded as essential for children’s social and cognitive development. (10 Marks)** - **Social Development:** - Reading exposes children to different cultures, perspectives, and characters, which helps develop empathy and understanding. - Shared reading activities encourage bonding between parents, teachers, and peers, fostering social connections. - It enhances communication skills and vocabulary, essential for social interactions. - **Cognitive Development:** - Reading stimulates brain development and enhances cognitive skills such as memory, concentration, and critical thinking. - It introduces new concepts and ideas, which expand a child's knowledge base and imagination. - Encourages problem-solving and analytical thinking through comprehension and interpretation of texts. 1.1b. **Demonstrate your understanding of why reading and writing are regarded as inseparable components of literacy development. (10 Marks)** - **Interdependent Skills:** - Reading and writing complement each other—good readers often become good writers and vice versa. - Writing activities reinforce reading skills by allowing children to apply phonics, vocabulary, and comprehension strategies in their writing. - Both involve the understanding and use of language structures. - **Reinforcement of Learning:** - Reading enhances vocabulary and syntax, which children then use in their writing. - Writing activities such as journaling or story creation help solidify reading comprehension and analysis skills. 1.3 **Differentiate between shared reading and independent reading. (10 Marks)** - **Shared Reading:** - Involves an adult (teacher/parent) and child reading a text together. - The adult models fluent reading and engages the child with questions and discussions. - It supports children in understanding complex texts and vocabulary. - **Independent Reading:** - Children read texts on their own, choosing materials that interest them and are suitable for their reading level. - It encourages autonomy and confidence in reading. - Provides an opportunity for children to practice and apply reading strategies independently. 1.4 **Describe effective ways that a foundation phase teacher should follow during reading aloud strategy. (10 Marks)** - **Preparation:** - Select engaging and age-appropriate texts. - Preview and practice reading the text to ensure smooth delivery. - **During Reading:** - Use expressive voice and gestures to capture attention. - Pause to ask predictive and analytical questions. - Encourage children to make connections with the story (personal experiences, other texts). - **Post-Reading:** - Discuss the story’s themes, characters, and events. - Engage in activities like drawing scenes or dramatizing parts of the story. - Encourage children to retell the story in their own words. ### Question 2 [40 Marks] 2.1 **Steps a Teacher can take to Record an Experience (Gunning & Oxford, 2014). (10 Marks)** - **Experience Discussion:** - Start with a discussion to let children share their experiences verbally. - **Scribing:** - The teacher writes down the children's words exactly as spoken without modifying their language. - **Reading Aloud:** - Read back the scribed text to the children to ensure accuracy and to give them a sense of ownership. - **Illustration:** - Children draw pictures related to their experience to accompany the text. - **Display:** - Create a display of the text and illustrations in the classroom for continuous reference and pride. 2.2 **Understanding Dexterity and Prehension. (10 Marks)** - **Dexterity:** - Refers to the skillful use of hands and fingers. - Important for writing, manipulating objects, and performing detailed tasks. - **Prehension:** - The act of grasping or holding objects. - Includes different types of grips such as palmar (whole hand) and pincer (using thumb and index finger). - Essential for handling writing tools and other classroom materials. 2.3 **The Role of Conceptual Knowledge in the Development of Emergent Writing. (10 Marks)** - Conceptual knowledge provides a foundation for understanding symbols, letters, and words. - Helps children make sense of the writing process by connecting their knowledge of the world to their writing. - Supports the development of meaningful and contextualized writing activities. ### Question 3 [20 Marks] 3.1 **Developmental Stages of Writing and the First Stage (10 Marks)** - **Stages:** - Scribbling - Pre-phonemic - Phonemic - Transitional - Conventional - **Scribbling Stage:** - This is the very first stage where children make random marks on paper. - It represents an early form of writing where children experiment with holding writing tools. - Gradually, their scribbles start to represent more intentional patterns and shapes. 3.2 **Roles of the Foundation Phase Teacher in Promoting Emergent Writing. (10 Marks)** - **Model Writing:** - Demonstrate writing practices through shared writing activities. - **Provide Materials:** - Offer various writing tools and materials like markers, crayons, and paper. - **Encourage Writing:** - Create a print-rich environment with labels, posters, and writing centers. - **Give Feedback:** - Provide positive reinforcement and constructive feedback on children’s writing attempts. 3.3 **Use of Play to Build Children’s Love for Writing. (10 Marks)** - Integrate writing activities into play-based scenarios (e.g., making signs for a pretend store). - Use playful storytelling where children can draw and write parts of the story. - Provide opportunities for children to write in role-play situations (e.g., writing a menu in a pretend restaurant). --- This outline provides a comprehensive guide to answering each essay question with detailed explanations and examples. Best of luck with your assignment!