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Question: 2.1 Explain how activities such as games and songs can be used to promote phonological awareness. Use, one game and one song to illuminate (clarify) your explanation. (10) 2.2 Differentiate between dramatic and television play. (10) 2.3 Study the picture below and answer the following questions. . 2.3.1 Identify 5 skills that can be developed through the above activity, and reason the importance of these skills for reading or academic achievement. (15) 2.3.2 In your own words define play. (5) Question 3 [30] 3.1 Debate the different viewpoints on language acquisition as argued by Pavlov in his classical conditioning theory and Skinner’s operant conditioning theory. Provide practical examples. (20) 3.2 With reference to Vygotsky’s theory for teaching language, argue why a Foundation Phase teacher, should use concrete examples to accommodate children’s short attention span. (10) TOTAL: 100 MARKS
2.1 Activities like games and songs can effectively promote phonological awareness - the child's understanding of the sound structure of our language. Consider the game 'I Spy'. In this game, a child needs to identify an object based on its initial sound. This encourages the child to connect sounds with letters, enhancing their phonological awareness. Similarly, songs like 'Old MacDonald Had a Farm' encourages children to play with sound and make rhyming connections between words, further developing their phonological awareness. 2.2 Dramatic play and television play are different in various ways. Dramatic play is a type of play where children assign roles to themselves or others and then act out those roles. It is spontaneous, self-directed and promotes creativity, imagination, social skills as well as the child's understanding of different characters and scenarios. On the contrary, television play which involves watching and responding to programs or movies, is more passive. While it can expose children to different ideas, environments, cultures, and can also aid language development when used effectively, it is less hands-on and interactive compared to dramatic play. 2.3 Given that there is no picture provided, I will be unable to do this part of the question. 2.3.2 Play is a spontaneous and voluntary activity in which children engage that involves fun, exploration and learning. It can be both structured or unstructured and provides a platform for the development of various physical, cognitive, social and emotional skills. 3.1 Pavlov's classical conditioning theory argues that language is acquired through association. Example, a child who often hears the word 'dog' when seeing a dog around will associate 'dog' with the animal. Skinner's operant conditioning theory, on the other hand, suggests language is learned through reinforcement or punishments. Example, if a child correctly says 'milk' when asking for milk and subsequently gets the milk, the positive reinforcement may motivate him to repeat the correct usage in the future. 3.2 Vygotsky's theory suggests that learning occurs in social context and knowledge is constructed through interaction. Given children's short attention spans, concrete examples aid in maintaining their attention, making learning more effective. For example, when teaching numbers, using physical blocks would be way more effective than just visually displaying numbers. Concrete examples allow the child to physically manipulate and explore which deepens their understanding.
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